旧约 - 利未记(Leviticus)第11章

The LORD said to Moses and Aaron,
"Say to the Israelites: 'Of all the animals that live on land, these are the ones you may eat:
You may eat any animal that has a split hoof completely divided and that chews the cud.
"'There are some that only chew the cud or only have a split hoof, but you must not eat them. The camel, though it chews the cud, does not have a split hoof; it is ceremonially unclean for you.
The coney, though it chews the cud, does not have a split hoof; it is unclean for you.
The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does not have a split hoof; it is unclean for you.
And the pig, though it has a split hoof completely divided, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you.
You must not eat their meat or touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you.
"'Of all the creatures living in the water of the seas and the streams, you may eat any that have fins and scales.
But all creatures in the seas or streams that do not have fins and scales--whether among all the swarming things or among all the other living creatures in the water--you are to detest.
And since you are to detest them, you must not eat their meat and you must detest their carcasses.
Anything living in the water that does not have fins and scales is to be detestable to you.
"'These are the birds you are to detest and not eat because they are detestable: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture,
the red kite, any kind of black kite,
any kind of raven,
the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk,
the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl,
the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey,
the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.
"'All flying insects that walk on all fours are to be detestable to you.
There are, however, some winged creatures that walk on all fours that you may eat: those that have jointed legs for hopping on the ground.
Of these you may eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket or grasshopper.
But all other winged creatures that have four legs you are to detest.
"'You will make yourselves unclean by these; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening.
Whoever picks up one of their carcasses must wash his clothes, and he will be unclean till evening.
"'Every animal that has a split hoof not completely divided or that does not chew the cud is unclean for you; whoever touches the carcass of any of them will be unclean.
Of all the animals that walk on all fours, those that walk on their paws are unclean for you; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening.
Anyone who picks up their carcasses must wash his clothes, and he will be unclean till evening. They are unclean for you.
"'Of the animals that move about on the ground, these are unclean for you: the weasel, the rat, any kind of great lizard,
the gecko, the monitor lizard, the wall lizard, the skink and the chameleon.
Of all those that move along the ground, these are unclean for you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean till evening.
When one of them dies and falls on something, that article, whatever its use, will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth, hide or sackcloth. Put it in water; it will be unclean till evening, and then it will be clean.
If one of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean, and you must break the pot.
Any food that could be eaten but has water on it from such a pot is unclean, and any liquid that could be drunk from it is unclean.
Anything that one of their carcasses falls on becomes unclean; an oven or cooking pot must be broken up. They are unclean, and you are to regard them as unclean.
A spring, however, or a cistern for collecting water remains clean, but anyone who touches one of these carcasses is unclean.
If a carcass falls on any seeds that are to be planted, they remain clean.
But if water has been put on the seed and a carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.
"'If an animal that you are allowed to eat dies, anyone who touches the carcass will be unclean till evening.
Anyone who eats some of the carcass must wash his clothes, and he will be unclean till evening. Anyone who picks up the carcass must wash his clothes, and he will be unclean till evening.
"'Every creature that moves about on the ground is detestable; it is not to be eaten.
You are not to eat any creature that moves about on the ground, whether it moves on its belly or walks on all fours or on many feet; it is detestable.
Do not defile yourselves by any of these creatures. Do not make yourselves unclean by means of them or be made unclean by them.
I am the LORD your God; consecrate yourselves and be holy, because I am holy. Do not make yourselves unclean by any creature that moves about on the ground.
I am the LORD who brought you up out of Egypt to be your God; therefore be holy, because I am holy.
"'These are the regulations concerning animals, birds, every living thing that moves in the water and every creature that moves about on the ground.
You must distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between living creatures that may be eaten and those that may not be eaten.'"
利未记第十一章   第 11 章 

  利 11:8> “不可吃”,“不可摸”,这么严厉!我对待诫命的态度好像…… 

  11:8 神严禁以色列人吃“不洁动物”的肉,为做得彻底起见,甚至不准他们摸这些动物。祂所禁止的,祂的子民要毫不沾染。我们常常对试探逢场作戏,认为最低限度,自己未行出罪恶就未违背诫命,应该可以过关。但是神的要求是要我们把自己从一切的罪和引诱的环境之中,完全分别出来。 

  利 11:25> 到神面前来的人,必须谨慎自省…… 

  11:25 百姓在敬拜神以前,必须先有所准备。有些行动不符合神圣洁的条例,有些是出于自然的(例如,妇人生产,月经,行房事),有些事出偶然(例如触摸动物的尸体),这些都能使人不洁,不能参加敬拜。这并不是说他们犯了罪,或是被神弃绝,只是要使所有的敬拜恭恭敬敬地、按规矩行事。这一章中讲述许多使人不能敬拜神的事项,不论是偶然发生的,或是人故意犯的,都须等到当事人被“洁净”,或是过错已改正以后,才可以去敬拜神。同样,我们也不能一周中六天随喜好而行,到礼拜天才匆匆忙忙地来到神面前敬拜。我们必须以悔改与洁净的心准备自己,才好敬拜神。 

  利 11:44-45> 神为何要颁布这样详细的律法?今日我们怎样遵守律法的原则? 

  11:44-45 本章不仅是讲到饮食条例,这两节经文,对了解这卷书中所有的律法条例,提供了一个要诀。神要祂的百姓成为圣洁(被分别出来,与万民有别),正如祂是圣洁的一样。祂知道百姓只有两个选择:一个是分别为圣,另一个是与异教民族妥协,变得败坏。为此祂领百姓离开拜偶像的埃及之地,将他们分别出来,成为单单属于祂、敬拜祂、过有道德生活的民族。神为此也制定律法与禁令,好使他们在社会上和灵性上继续分别为圣,日后进入迦南地,住在邪恶的异教各族之中,也能与其有别。神也吩咐新约时代的基督徒要圣洁(参彼前 1:15 )。我们要像以色列人一样,在属灵生活中与世界的邪恶习俗保持距离,尽管每天与不信之人混杂在一起,也要与人有别。在不圣洁的世界之中,要想成为圣洁并不容易,不过,神并不要你倚靠自己。藉着祂儿子耶稣的受死,神叫我们都成为圣洁、没有瑕疵的,将我们无可指责地引到祂自己面前(参西 1:22 )。 

  利 11:47> 神为什么要以色列人分别洁净与不洁净,可吃与不可吃的呢? 

  11:47 洁净和不洁净,这两个词语是用来区分以色列人可以吃与不可以吃的各种动物。圣经对食物作出限制,原因是:( 1 )确保全族的健康。神不准他们吃的鸟兽类,通常是吃腐尸的,很容易传染疾病。( 2 )使他们与其他各族有别。例如异教徒通常以猪献祭(神不准以色列人吃猪肉)。( 3 )最主要的一点是,神藉此提醒以色列人,住在他们中间的神是圣洁的。──《灵修版圣经注释》