新约 - 约翰福音(John)第19章

Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.
And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and they put on him a purple robe,
And said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they smote him with their hands.
Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him.
Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the man!
When the chief priests therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, saying, Crucify him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Take ye him, and crucify him: for I find no fault in him.
The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.
When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid;
And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.
Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee?
Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin.
And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar's friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar.
When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha.
And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!
But they cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Caesar.
Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him away.
And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:
Where they crucified him, and two other with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.
And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.
This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.
Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews.
Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.
Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.
They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did.
Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.
When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!
Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.
After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.
Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth.
When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.
Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him.
But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs:
But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.
And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe.
For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.
And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.
And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.
And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight.
Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury.
Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid.
There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews' preparation day; for the sepulchre was nigh at hand.
约翰福音第十九章   第 19 章 

  耶稣受审与被钉 

  约 19:1-3> 耶稣受的鞭伤不是普通的鞭…… 

  19:1-3 鞭笞可能会引致受刑者死亡。鞭笞犯人时先脱去受刑者的上衣,把他的双手反绑在柱子上,然后用带有三个钩子的鞭子抽打,鞭打的次数视乎罪的轻重而定,犹太律例规定每次最多只可鞭打四十下(参申 25:3 )。 

  约 19:2-5> 19:2-5 士兵不但听命鞭打耶稣,更戏弄辱骂祂,讥笑祂自称为王。 

  约 19:7> 犹太人要耶稣死,真正的原因是…… 

  19:7 真相终于大白了──这些宗教领袖把耶稣带到彼拉多面前,并非因为祂密谋推翻罗马政府,而是他们认为祂违反了宗教律法。犹太律例中,亵渎神是极严重的罪,犯者要被判死刑。指控耶稣亵渎能叫犹太人信服,指控耶稣叛国能令罗马人信服,他们不理会彼拉多听取哪项指控,只要他肯合作杀死耶稣便行了。 

  约 19:10> 面对逼迫,面不改容,也许我们也要向耶稣请教,是吗? 

  19:10 从整个审判过程中,我们可以见到掌管一切的,不是彼拉多,也不是宗教领袖,而是耶稣。彼拉多一直犹豫不决,犹太领袖因憎恨、愤怒而不能自禁;但耶稣一直态度从容,祂认识真理,明白神的计划,知道自己受审判的真正缘由,面对强权的压力和迫害,仍毫不动摇。其实真正要受审判的是彼拉多和那些宗教领袖,而不是耶稣。你若因信仰被人质疑责难时,要牢记,即或你在控诉者面前受审,他们却要受神的审判。 

  约 19:11> 耶稣这样说不是指彼拉多没有罪吧…… 

  19:11 耶稣说把祂交给彼拉多的人的罪更重,并非指彼拉多屈服于政治压力就无罪,彼拉多也要负起自己判决耶稣的责任,而该亚法和其他宗教领袖由于早已预谋杀害祂,所以罪就更重。 

  约 19:12-13> 遇到棘手的事就委曲求全?我一定不会的──肯定? 

  19:12-13 彼拉多身为罗马驻该地的巡抚,职责是维持该地安定无事。由于罗马不能调派大量军队驻守偏远的区域,所以遇有叛乱,只能立即以武力镇压,控制情况。彼拉多恐怕有人向凯撒报告自己管辖的地区有暴乱,而被革职,甚至丧命;加上犹太人这句话,就更迫使彼拉多让他们处死耶稣。当我们面对棘手的抉择时,可能委曲求全,或不顾一切坚持真理。我们知道什么是该行的善,却不去行,便是犯罪(参雅 4:17 )。 

  约 19:13> 19:13 铺华石是安多尼亚楼的一部分,这楼位于圣殿右院西北角的摩利亚山上。 

  约 19:15> 犹太人为达目的,竟假意顺服罗马政府;人都是这样的吗? 

  19:15 尽管犹太领袖多么憎恨罗马,但急于要铲除耶稣,所以也大喊:“除了凯撒,我们没有别的王!”他们为要抗拒并杀害自己的弥赛亚──他们惟一真正的王,竟然假装效忠罗马,这是多么可悲啊!他们的话定了自己的罪! 

  约翰福音中的真理 

  约 19:17> 凡被钉的都要到那个可怕的髑髅地吗? 

  19:17 这个叫作“髑髅地”或各各他的山可能位于耶路撒冷城外一条大道旁。很多罪犯都在这里行刑,罗马人藉此叫以色列人看见,以杀一儆百。 

  约 19:18> 钉十字架,人说是一项很可怕的刑罚,你知道有多可怕吗? 

  19:18 钉十字架是罗马人设立的刑罚,罪犯要沿着一条大道,背负自己的十字架赴刑场,藉此警戒人民。钉十字架的方法不尽相同:耶稣是被钉在十字架上的,有些人则用绳绑在十字架上。受刑者的体力耗尽,身体的重量会令他们呼吸困难,最终窒息而死。整个受死过程非常缓慢,是一种极残酷恐怖的刑罚。 

  约 19:19> 讥讽的牌子,成了宣告的角色;在人看为可悲,在神…… 

  19:19 这面牌子本来是讥讽耶稣的:一个君王在众目睽睽下被剥光衣服,接受处决,他的王国显然已荡然无存、永不复返。但耶稣总叫这世界的智慧变为愚拙,其实祂刚开始踏入自己的王国。祂的死亡与复活给撒但沉重的一击,永恒的权柄要在地上建立起来。在那个黑暗的下午,看过这面牌子的人虽然不明白其真义,但所写的却是绝对的真理。耶稣没有失去任何东西,祂是犹太人、外邦人、并整个宇宙的王。 

  约 19:20> 他们可真细心,不是吗?你知道那牌子用多少种文字来写? 

  19:20 这牌子用三种文字写出:希伯来文给土生的犹太人看;罗马文给罗马人看;希腊文则给外国人和从外地来的犹太人看。 

  约 19:23-24> 那些士兵在那儿做什么?是分些什么吗? 

  19:23-24 负责钉十字架的罗马士兵通常会把受刑者的衣服据为己有,这些士兵均分耶稣的衣服,但因为里衣是上下一片织成的,是衣服最值钱的部分,所以抽签决定由谁得祂的里衣(参诗 22:18 )。 

  抹大拉的马利亚 

  约 19:25-27> 耶稣要死了,祂仍关心祂的家人;我们时常赋闲,却…… 

  19:25-27 即使在十字架上临死之际,耶稣仍关心祂的家人,叫祂所爱的门徒照顾自己的母亲马利亚。我们的家人是神赐给我们的宝贝,在任何情况下都要看重他们、照顾他们,没有任何事工或职责可以成为疏忽家人的藉口。你今天可以做些什么向家人表示爱意呢? 

  约 19:27> 从来我都很想知道,耶稣所爱的门徒究竟是…… 

  19:27 这时马利亚的丈夫约瑟极可能已经离世,耶稣身为长子,把母亲托付给自己最亲密的朋友──这时仍在十字架旁伴着祂的人。传统认为他就是这部福音书的作者约翰。 

  约 19:29> 19:29 这醋是一种廉价的酒,是罗马士兵在等候被钉犯人死亡时喝的。 

  约 19:30> 耶稣说“成了”,成了什么? 

  19:30 以前,人只有靠重复的献祭制度来赎罪,因罪使人与神隔绝,人要用动物代替自己献祭给神,叫自己可以在神面前罪得赦免,并得洁净,因人不断犯罪,就要经常献祭。耶稣来完成了神的救赎工作( 4:34 ; 17:4 ),担当所有人的罪,替我们受刑,藉着死亡,付了我们犯罪的代价。“成了”就是说“完全偿还”,以后,人不用再靠着重复的献祭制度,单藉着耶稣所成就的救恩,相信耶稣的受死复活,就能越过犯罪死的刑罚,坦然亲近神,永远与神同在。 

  约 19:31> 急急审判,急急埋葬,耶稣已死,何用心急?怕祂再生不成? 

  19:31 把尸体弃置在户外过夜是触犯神的律法的(参申 21:23 ),在安息日,就是在星期五日落后到星期六日落前工作也是犯律法的,所以,那些宗教领袖急着在日落前要把耶稣的尸体取下并埋葬。 

  约 19:31-35> 耶稣也许只是昏过去,有人说,否则何会再醒,你说呢?可以举出证据吗? 

  19:31-35 这些罗马士兵能够凭着多次执行刑罚的丰富经验,知道受刑者是死还是活。他们检查耶稣时,确知祂已死去,就不用像对待其他受刑者那样打断祂的腿。用枪刺祂的肋旁,就是要把祂的心脏刺穿,见到血和水分开了,更进一步证实祂已经死去。有人认为耶稣并没有真正死去,只是晕过去,所以能“苏醒复活”,但我们从这些罗马士兵得到客观证据,证明耶稣确实死在十字架上(参可 15:44-45 )。 

  约 19:32> 我不太明白,钉十字架不是一定死吗?还要打断人家的腿? 

  19:32 罗马士兵为了加速受刑者死亡,会打断他们的腿。人被挂在十字架上,最后会因窒息而死,但可以用腿撑着十字架,承托着自己的身体,从而保持呼吸,推迟死亡时间;腿一旦被打断了,受刑者会即时窒息而死。 

  约 19:34-35> 耶稣死时,约翰定在附近,因为…… 

  19:34-35 约翰福音细致地描绘了耶稣的受死,因为作者是耶稣受死的目击证人。 

  约 19:36-37> 神是信实的,连耶稣的死也证实了这点,你不知道吗? 

  19:36-37 耶稣死时,犹太人正在宰羊羔准备逾越节晚餐,他们不可以折断献祭羊羔任何一根骨头(参出 12:46 ;民 9:12 )。耶稣是神的羔羊,为赎世人的罪成为最完美的祭物(参林前 5:7 )。 

  约 19:38-39> 耶稣的死亡,当时至少改变了四个人;你可有改变? 

  19:38-39 耶稣之死当时令四个人改变了:一个是与耶稣一起被钉十字架的犯人,临死时请求耶稣收纳他到祂的王国里(参路 23:29-43 );另一个是罗马百夫长,他宣称耶稣真是神的儿子(参可 15:39 );再有就是约瑟和尼哥德慕这两个犹太公会的成员,本是耶稣的秘密信徒( 7:50-52 ),现在却不再隐瞒自己的信仰了。这些人在基督死了之后的改变,远较祂在生时为大,因为他们明白祂是谁,相信祂,公开自己的信仰,并付诸行动。我们面对耶稣和祂的死亡时,也应有所改变──相信祂,表明自己的信仰,并付诸行动。 

  约 19:38-42> 有人隐藏基督徒的身分,不明白是为何;可当有利益冲突的时候,你仍会选择信仰吗? 

  19:38-42 亚利马太人约瑟和尼哥德慕暗暗地作耶稣的门徒,因为他们爱惜自己在犹太人社群中的地位。约瑟是公会的领袖,声望甚高;尼哥德慕也是公会的成员,曾于夜里探访耶稣( 3:1 ),其后更曾试图在其他宗教领袖面前为耶稣辩护( 7:50-52 )。他俩不顾名誉,甘愿冒险埋葬耶稣。你是否为隐藏的信徒?如果你仍在向朋友、同事隐瞒自己的信仰,现在就站出来,让别人认识你的信仰吧。 

  约 19:42> 他们赶快埋葬耶稣,只因安息日当前── 

  19:42 这个坟墓可能是山边的岩石凿成的山洞,足够让一个人走进去,所以约瑟和尼哥德慕把耶稣的尸体抬进去,再挪一块大石封住墓口。他们赶快安葬耶稣,是因为星期五日落后便是安息日,不能再工作。 ──《灵修版圣经注释》